{"id":968,"date":"2019-07-10T17:49:57","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T15:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/?p=968"},"modified":"2020-01-17T11:58:21","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T10:58:21","slug":"indice-glycemique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/sante\/indice-glycemique\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;indice glyc\u00e9mique&#8230;pourquoi est-ce important ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; inner_width=&#8221;auto&#8221; inner_max_width=&#8221;1080px&#8221;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_5&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Texte &#8211; Chapo&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.24.1&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; 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module_class=&#8221;eat-post-chapo&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si vous suivez un r\u00e9gime faible en glucides (low carb), il est important de reconna\u00eetre les aliments \u00e0 indice glyc\u00e9mique bas et \u00e9lev\u00e9, et de comprendre leur r\u00f4le dans notre alimentation.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_5&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_5&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.0.11&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;justified&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;indice glyc\u00e9mique ?<\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;indice glyc\u00e9mique (IG) est une valeur indiquant la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les aliments rel\u00e2chent du glucose dans le sang.<\/p>\n<p>Le niveau de glucose qui circule dans notre sang provient de <strong>la transformation des glucides<\/strong> contenus dans les aliments que nous mangeons. Parce qu\u2019ils contiennent plus de glucide, certains aliments rel\u00e2chent plus de glucose dans notre organisme que d\u2019autres. La vitesse \u00e0 laquelle ce glucose est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 dans le sang varie aussi selon les aliments. C\u2019est pour cela que l&#8217;on parle de sucres lents pour d\u00e9signer certains aliments ; leur indice glyc\u00e9mique est bas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"not-underline\">Comment se mesure l&#8217;indice glyc\u00e9mique et quelles sont les valeurs acceptables ?<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019indice glyc\u00e9mique des aliments est calcul\u00e9 sur une base de 100, correspondant au glucose pur.<\/p>\n<p>On classe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les aliments en trois cat\u00e9gories d\u2019indice glyc\u00e9mique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IG faible : &lt; 55<\/li>\n<li>IG moyen : 55-70<\/li>\n<li>IG elev\u00e9 : &gt;70<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le taux de glucose dans notre sang \u00e9tant le r\u00e9sultat de la transformation des glucides, l\u2019IG est en partie li\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>la composition nutritionnelle<\/strong> des aliments.<\/p>\n<p>Mais d\u2019autres facteurs entrent en jeu :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la structure chimique et physique des glucides, et notamment le type d\u2019amidon et la quantit\u00e9 de fibres qu\u2019ils contiennent : plus il y a de fibres, plus l\u2019IG est bas ;<\/li>\n<li>la transformation industrielle : de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les glucides transform\u00e9s ont un IG plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n<li>la cuisson : dans le cas des p\u00e2tes par exemple, plus la cuisson est longue, plus l\u2019IG est \u00e9lev\u00e9. Mieux vaut choisir des p\u00e2tes au bl\u00e9 complet et les manger <i>al dente.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une alimentation trop riche en aliments \u00e0 IG \u00e9lev\u00e9 pose plusieurs risques sur la sant\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Le premier d\u2019entre eux est le risque de diab\u00e8te. A force de stimuler une production rapide et importante d\u2019insuline, il peut se d\u00e9velopper une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 cette hormone qui contr\u00f4le l\u2019absorption de glucose par nos cellules.<\/p>\n<p>Une di\u00e8te \u00e0 fort IG pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement des <strong>risques de surpoids et des risques de maladies cardio-vasculaires<\/strong> en favorisant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fedecardio.org\/Je-m-informe\/Reduire-le-risque-cardio-vasculaire\/le-cholesterol\">le mauvais cholest\u00e9rol<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>L\u2019importance des quantit\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Alors faut-il bannir les aliments \u00e0 fort indice glyc\u00e9mique de son alimentation ? Ce n\u2019est pas aussi simple que \u00e7a, car <strong>tout d\u00e9pend des quantit\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Prenons l&#8217;exemple de <em>la past\u00e8que<\/em>. Son indice glyc\u00e9mique est \u00e9lev\u00e9 : 76. Mais la quantit\u00e9 de glucides qu&#8217;elle contient est faible : 7 g de glucides pour 100 g de past\u00e8que. Et comme son apport calorique total est globalement faible &#8211; une past\u00e8que est compos\u00e9e d\u2019eau \u00e0 90% &#8211; elle repr\u00e9sente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une part tr\u00e8s faible de notre alimentation (oublions la consommation soutenue de Frozen Margaritas sur la plage de Canc\u00fan&#8230;dans ce cas les calories viennent principalement de la tequila).<\/p>\n<p>Bref, malgr\u00e9 un indice glyc\u00e9mique \u00e9lev\u00e9, manger de la past\u00e8que a donc peu d&#8217;incidence sur l&#8217;IG <i>global<\/i> de votre alimentation. Or ce qui compte c\u2019est bien votre alimentation <i>dans son ensemble<\/i>, bien plus qu\u2019un aliment en particulier, ou m\u00eame un seul repas.<\/p>\n<p>C&#8217;est l\u00e0 qu\u2019intervient la notion de <b>charge glycemique<\/b> (CG).&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Charge glyc\u00e9mique<\/h2>\n<p>Cette mesure prend en compte non seulement l\u2019indice glyc\u00e9mique d\u2019un aliment, mais \u00e9galement la quantit\u00e9 de glucides qu\u2019il contient. C\u2019est donc une mesure tr\u00e8s pertinente dans le cadre d\u2019une di\u00e8te contr\u00f4l\u00e9e, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire une di\u00e8te qui veille \u00e0 un apport pr\u00e9cis en glucides, lipides et prot\u00e9ines. C\u2019est le cas si vous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/manger-sain\/controler-ses-macros-le-secret-dune-bonne-diete\/\">calculez vos macros<\/a>.&nbsp; <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>En s\u2019attachant \u00e0 la charge glyc\u00e9mique des aliments qui composent une recette et aussi \u00e0 la taille des portions utilis\u00e9es, on se donne une id\u00e9e bien plus pr\u00e9cise de la teneur glyc\u00e9mique de nos assiettes.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Une fois cette mesure connue, on peut m\u00eame faire baisser l\u2019IG global d\u2019un plat en ajustant sa composition. Par exemple en y ajoutant des <strong>aliments riches en fibres<\/strong> : broccoli, pois chiches, carottes, etc. En prot\u00e9geant les aliments de l\u2019attaque des enzymes digestives, les fibres ralentissent la digestion. Donc elles ralentissent la lib\u00e9ration de glucose dans le sang. D\u2019autres aliments comme le jus de citron ou le vinaigre ont le m\u00eame effet sur l\u2019indice glyc\u00e9mique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur acidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Les di\u00e8tes \u00e0 indice glyc\u00e9mique bas<\/h2>\n<p>En contr\u00f4lant l\u2019IG de nos aliments mais surtout leur charge glyc\u00e9mique, l\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas de supprimer enti\u00e8rement les glucides de notre alimentation.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s tout <strong>ce sont les glucides qui fournissent l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e0 notre cerveau, \u00e0 nos organes, et \u00e0 nos muscles pendant l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique<\/strong>. Nos besoins en glucides sont donc importants pour notre forme et notre bien-\u00eatre.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>La r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale est de privil\u00e9gier une alimentation \u00e0 indice glyc\u00e9mique bas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Ce type de di\u00e8te offre en effet plusieurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fices :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>meilleure gestion de la faim <\/strong>: la digestion des aliments \u00e0 IG bas \u00e9tant plus lente, le sentiment de sati\u00e9t\u00e9 dure plus longtemps. Vous \u00e9vitez ainsi le risque de fringale. Comme nous l&#8217;\u00e9voquions dans notre article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/manger-sain\/le-petit-dejeuner-immanquable\/\">le r\u00f4le du petit d\u00e9jeuner<\/a>, en l&#8217;absence du pic de glucose qui intervient apr\u00e8s la consommation d&#8217;aliments \u00e0 IG \u00e9lev\u00e9, la tentation de se jeter sur des snacks sucr\u00e9s entre les repas est moins grande.<br \/>&nbsp;\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie plus longtemps<\/strong> &#8211; toujours en raison de leur digestion plus lente, les aliments \u00e0 IG bas vous apportent de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie sur la dur\u00e9e. C&#8217;est pour cette raison que les sportifs avalent souvent un plat de p\u00e2tes avant une \u00e9preuve longue. Or le glucose \u00e9tant aussi la source d\u2019\u00e9nergie principale du cerveau, les performances cognitives durent \u00e9galement plus longtemps apr\u00e8s l&#8217;absorption d&#8217;aliments \u00e0 IG bas, particuli\u00e8rement chez les plus jeunes.(*)<br \/>&nbsp;\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>pr\u00e9vention du diab\u00e8te et des maladies cardiovasculaires<\/strong> &#8211; une alimentation \u00e0 indice glyc\u00e9mique bas r\u00e9duit le niveau de cholest\u00e9rol LDL, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le \u201cmauvais cholesterol\u201d. En permettant de contr\u00f4ler les niveaux de glucose dans le sang et de r\u00e9duire la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019insuline, ce type de di\u00e8te fait aussi diminuer les risques de complications aux personnes souffrant de diab\u00e8te.<br \/>&nbsp;\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les raisons de s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 l\u2019indice glyc\u00e9mique ne manquent pas. Aliment par aliment d\u2019abord, mais surtout au niveau de votre assiette et m\u00eame de votre alimentation dans son ensemble.<\/p>\n<p>Comme toujours, une alimentation vari\u00e9e qui laisse la part belle aux <strong>fruits et l\u00e9gumes<\/strong> et aux <strong>c\u00e9r\u00e9ales compl\u00e8tes<\/strong> vous donnera un bon d\u00e9part.<\/p>\n<p>Si vous manquez de temps ou que vous souhaitez aller plus loin, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/nos-menus\/\">nos menus healthy<\/a> ou \u00e0 prendre conseil aupr\u00e8s de nos sp\u00e9cialistes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<strong>Sources :<\/strong>\n\t<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gisymbol.com\/about-glycemic-index\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Glycemic Index Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>Harvard Medical School &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/diseases-and-conditions\/the-lowdown-on-glycemic-index-and-glycemic-load\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">La charge glyc\u00e9mique<\/a><br \/>\net <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/carbohydrates\/carbohydrates-and-blood-sugar\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Les types d&#8217;aliments et leur charge glyc\u00e9mique<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n(*) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20571500\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20571500<\/a><br \/>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_5&#8243; 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L&#8217;indice glyc\u00e9mique (IG) est une valeur indiquant la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les aliments rel\u00e2chent du glucose [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":986,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[189,573,564,561,568,566,567,569,577,575,22,563,565,571,559,562,560,572,570,574],"class_list":["post-968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=968"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2173,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/968\/revisions\/2173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=968"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eatology.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}